Mindset

Gerard Capes

Importance of mindset

  • Fixed mindset: ability is intrinsic
    • “I’m no good at sports, maths, etc”
    • Give up when faced with difficulty
  • Growth mindset: almost anything can be learned
    • Seek out challenges
    • Work harder to overcome failure
  • Fixed mindset people avoid situations where they have to perform
  • Reduces opportunities for practice and feedback (essential for learning)

Exercise: Does mindset matter?

  • Think: What kind of mindset do you have about different areas? Is there anything you believe you are “not naturally talented” at? Mindset often varies in different areas – someone might have a fixed mindset with respect to artistic ability, but a growth mindset with respect to computing skill. Then, think about your learners. How might a learner’s mindset about computational skill influence their learning in a workshop setting?
  • Pair: Discuss your thoughts about the influence of mindset in a workshop. Try to come up with a few different ways or situations in which mindset might be relevant.
  • Share: A few thoughts in the shared document

This exercise should take about 5 minutes.

Praise influences mindset

  • Performance based: “Great job”
    • Often combined with language which supports fixed mindset
    • “You must be very smart”
  • Effort based: “You must have worked very hard”
    • Helps transition to growth mindset
  • Improvement based: “You’re doing so much better than last time”
    • Reinforces growth mindset
    • Ability to improve with effort

Exercise: Choosing our praises

Since we’re so used to being praised for our performance, it can be challenging to change the way we praise our learners.

Which of these are examples of performance-based, effort-based, or improvement-based praise?

  • I like the way you tried a couple of different strategies to solve that problem.
  • You’re getting really good at that. Keep up the hard work!
  • You’re really good at that.
  • That was a hard problem. You didn’t get the right answer, but look at how much you learned trying to solve it!

Errors are essential to learning

  • Avoidance of making errors is a barrier to learning
  • Positive error framing presents errors as integral part of learning
    • Use them as teaching opportunities (live coding - how to debug)
    • Errors provide learning opportunities, not negative consequences

Exercise: Helping learners learn from mistakes

  • A learner at your workshop asks for your help with an exercise and shows you their attempt at solving it.
  • You see they’ve made an error that shows they misunderstand something fundamental about the lesson (for example, in the shell lesson, they forgot to put a space between ls and the name of the directory they are looking at).
  • What would you say to the learner?

Perseverance predicts success

  • Grit is an essential trait in learning
    • Willing to fail if it gets them closer to goal
    • Learners with grit are more successful in life
  • Grit can be learned. Help learners obtain grit by
    • sharing your experiences of struggle
    • promoting perseverance (praise improvement)
    • sharing passion
    • emphasise long-term goals

Exercise: How Are You Gritty?

  • Think of a time when learning something was difficult for you, or you made a mistake that seemed silly or embarrassing.
  • How did you motivate yourself to continue learning?
  • How did it feel to persist in the face of challenge?
  • How do you feel now about your capabilities in this area?

In the shared document, describe how you could use this story to illustrate the importance of grit for your learners.

Habits of lifelong learners

  • Being a lifelong learner is good for your job propects
    • non-routine problem solving
    • able to focus on cognitively demanding tasks
  • Lifelong learning results from growth mindset
  • Emphasise help-seeking behaviour as positive
  • Show that we as instructors
    • are life-long learners
    • don’t know everything!

Key points

  • Growth mindset and grit promote learning by making effort a positive thing
  • Presenting errors as essential to learning helps learners to learn from their mistakes
  • Lifelong learners aren’t embarrassed to ask for help